What effect does no father figure have on a person as an adult?

Yes, not having a father around would, logically, make you less dependent on male figures. You've done a great job of forming that ertion already. I would argue that this feeling of a sort of resentment toward your male cousin could constitute a social development which one might undergo with a father figure. Of course, he is not your father, but having male figures in your life will ultimately shape you in a similar way that a father would.